Magadzirirwo eMotokari Yemagetsi
Motokari dzemagetsi dzave dziripo kwenguva yakareba - pamusoro pemakore 100, chaizvoizvo. Kufarira kwakamuka panguva ye1973 Arab Oil Embargo, izvo zvakatungamira kuCongress kuita muna 1976 kubvumidza Dhipatimendi reMagetsi kutsigira R&D muEV nemotokari dzakasanganiswa. Kunyange zvakadaro, motokari dzekare dzaive nemhando dzinoshungurudza uye kushanda. Nenguva iyo GM's groundbreaking EV1 yakauya muna 1996, kunyange zvakadaro, zvishoma basa racho rakanga rave nani; iyo EV1 yakazvikudza 0 - 60 nguva ye7 secs, asi iine huwandu hwemakiromita makumi masere chete.
Ikozvino, kunyangwe chimurenga chave kuzara nepamusoro pe234,000 plug-in EVs uye 3.3 miriyoni mahybrids munzira muUS nhasi. Mukupesana neiyo 12V bhatiri masisitimu anoshandiswa mumotokari dzechinyakare, yemazuva ano EV Li-Ion bhatiri paki seyakashandiswa paChevy Volt inokura inosvika 390V.
Chiyero chinoshandiswa kuyera kushanda kweinjini ndeye horsepower (HP), iyo yakaenzana ne750 watts yemagetsi emagetsi; Volt's primary traction electric motor/jenareta ine peak kubuda kwe111kW yemagetsi emagetsi, yakaenzana ne149HP. A high performance EV sports car inogona nyore nyore kupfuura 300 kW yemagetsi emagetsi. Uchishandisa 750V inverter yemagetsi, ingave 400A, kunyangwe usati watora nhanho yekuchinjika kwechikamu chemagetsi akaiswa neanoshandiswa ikozvino - muchokwadi, iyo equation yemagetsi ndeye yakaoma inotenderera inotenderera calculation.
Ma voltages akadaro uye mafungu anoisa akakosha matambudziko kune EV connector vagadziri. Kuti ndizive zvakawanda nezvedzimwe nyaya dzemagadzirirwo, ndakabata Philip Desmond, Strategic Marketing Manager weMolex, uyo akandibatsira kuti ndikurumidze.
High simba EV connector kuchengeteka
UL haitarise mavoltage ari pazasi 60V DC ane ngozi zvekuti anoda akakosha magadzirirwo ekuchengetedza kudzivirira kusangana kwevanhu kusingatarisirwe nemapini ekubatanidza. Kune yakakwirira voltages, pane mukana wekukuvadza, kunyange kuuraya, saka High Voltage Interlock (HVIL) dunhu chinhu chinokosha chekuwedzera.
Seketi yeHVIL idunhu rakavharika rakaparadzana rakavakwa mukati meiyo dhizaini yekubatanidza iyo iri mate-yekupedzisira/kutyora-yekutanga mhando yekubatanidza. Sezvo chinongedzo cheEV chatanga kudzima, dunhu reHVIL rinoona kufamba uye kusaina magetsi emagetsi kuti abvise mavheti akakwirira aripo pachiteshi pazasi pe60V kusati kwadimburwa kwekupedzisira kweiyo terminal, kazhinji mukati mehafu yesekondi yekutanga kwekubatanidza. Sezvineiwo, izvo zvinoita kuti pasave nepamusoro voltages aripo paEV terminals kana chinongedzo chapatsanurwa zvizere.
Seyechipiri nzira yekuchengetedza, EV dhizaini dhizaini inoda insulating zvinhu pakati pemagetsi anobatika uye anogona kutarisana nevanhu. Mechanical dimensions ezvishandiso idiki zvekuti "standard" chigunwe hachigone kubata nemagetsi emagetsi pachiteshi chesimbi kana magetsi ane njodzi achiripo.
Thermal manejimendi
Yakakwira ikozvino inoburitsa kurasikirwa kwemagetsi kuri kuenzana nekupokana kwekusangana pakati penzvimbo dzekubatanidza dzekubatanidza. Pa 1 mΩ yekubata kuramba, 400A ikozvino yaizoburitsa 160 watts (I.2 R) yesimba rakarasika sekuwedzera kwekubatanidza kupisa.
Zvekubatanidza mota zvinofanirwa kurarama munzvimbo dzine tembiricha yakanyanyisa inogona kubva -40C kusvika 105C. Muindasitiri yekubatanidza, zvakajairwa kudzikamisa tembiricha-inokonzeresa kukwira pamaterminal kuti isapfuure 30 madhigirii C kuchengetedza inodiwa ma mechanic kushivirira sezvo terminal zvinhu zvichiwedzera nekuda kwekupisa kwemukati.
Kurasikirwa kwemagetsi e160W kunogona kugadzira kukwira kwekushisa kwakadaro, kana kupisa kusingagoni kubviswa zvinobudirira kuburikidza nekubatanidza kune yakatenderedza nharaunda. Iyo yekubatanidza muMufananidzo 1 yakagadzirirwa kuve isingasviki 50 µΩ yekusangana kuramba.
Bata kuramba
Bata kuramba zvakare ibasa resimba rinodzvanya izvo zviviri zvinobatanidza zvikamu zve terminal pamwechete. Masimba ekumanikidza akakwira anokonzeresa kupinza simba, izvo zvisingadiwe munzvimbo yemazuva ano yekugadzira mota, saka Molex inoshandisa mafuta ekuzora kudzivirira nzvimbo dzevanobatika uye kuderedza simba rekuisa.
Chimiro, dhizaini, zvinhu, uye plating yematerminal zvakare akakosha dhizaini kufunga mukuderedza kuisa simba.
High voltages inogona kuunza chiitiko chinozivikanwa se dendritic kukura, apo mamwe maion simbi anokurudzirwa kubva pane imwe nzvimbo yemuviri kuenda pane imwe nekuda kwesimba resimba remagetsi pakati pematanho ekubatanidza. Metal migration inogona kupedzisira yaita kuti pave neshort circuit pakati pe connector terminals. Kudzivirira kunoda kunyatsosarudzwa kwesimbi inosanganiswa inoshandiswa pakuputira materminals.
High voltages inogonawo kuunza arcing pakati pematerminals uye pasi pekubatanidza nekuda kwekuparara kwezvinhu zvinodzivirira zvepurasitiki nemhepo pamberi pehunyoro kana zvimwe zvinosvibisa zvakatipoteredza. Kudzivirira izvi zvinokonzeresa kunoda yakakura mechanicha spacing yevanobatika maererano nepasi redunhu sechikamu chekugadzira. Izvi zvinowanzozivikanwa sekupa inodiwa clearance uye creepage.
EV nzvimbo uye uremu
Mechanical dimensional zvinodiwa zvinogona kukonzera maEV ekubatanidza akakura uye anorema kupfuura anodiwa, anoshanda achipesana nemaitiro eindasitiri kune madiki, akareruka uye ane hupfumi emagetsi ekudzora uye zvinobatanidza. Kugadzirisa saizi yemuviri uye uwandu hunodiwa kuitisa yakakwira mafungu nderimwe rematambudziko akanyanya mukugadzira EV majoini.
Waya dzesimbi dzinoshandiswa muEV maapplication dzinofanirwa kuchengetedza yakakwira magetsi conduction uye kushanda nesimba. Mhangura ndiyo yakasarudzika sarudzo nekuda kwekudhura kwayo, yakakwirira conductivity, ductility (iyo inobvumira kuti iwedzere kuchinjika panguva yekuiswa), uye chokwadi chekuti inoitisa kupisa zvakanaka. Zvinosuruvarisa, mhangura inoremawo.
Mechanical stress load, EMI/EMR
Panguva yekushanda kwemotokari kufamba kweyakakosha waya yemhangura kunoguma nekuremerwa kwekudengenyeka kwepamusoro pamutumbi wekubatanidza. Zvishandiso zveMotokari, uko zvikamu zvemagetsi zvinoratidzwa kuvibration yemugwagwa uye mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza akadai seguruva, mvura, zvinonyungudutsa, zvicheneso zveutsi, nezvimwewo, zvinodawo mazano ekuchengetedza zvisimbiso zvinodzivirira pamwe netambo uye chekubatanidza muviri-kune-simba rakavharirwa interface. Chinangwa chekugadzira ndechekuchengetedza kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kubva mumagetsi emagetsi emagetsi, apo kudzivirira kushungurudzika kunokonzerwa panguva yekushanda kwemotokari kubva pakukuvadza muviri wekubatanidza, magetsi emagetsi evhavha, materminals kana waya.
Mazhinji maEV mashandisirwo anodzora simba rinoiswa kumota ne pulse-width-modulating (PWM) yazvino iyo inosuma yakakwira electromagnetic radiated uye inoitiswa emissions, saka waya inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa kuti ideredze EMC nyaya, ichiwedzera huremu.
Hupenyu-kutenderera kuvimbika
Kwemakumi emakore, nzira yemotokari yesarudzo yekuunganidza zviteshi kune tambo huru dzemhangura yanga iri yekurovera iyo terminal (lug) patambo. Iyo crimping process inoisa yakanyanya kushushikana pane iyo terminal muviri, ichikanganisa chimiro chayo uye kubata tambo zvakasimba. EV masisitimu anopuruzira yakakwira simba kuburikidza nemubatanidzwa pakati petambo uye yekubatanidza terminal. Kutenderera kwekudziya kwenzvimbo uye kutonhora kweiyo interface uye majoini inokonzeresa kuwedzera kweminiti uye kudonha kwechinhu.
Zviuru zvemaawa ekushanda kwakadaro zvinogona kukonzera kuderera kwenguva refu kwekubatana kwekubatana kwekupokana pakati petambo uye terminal, izvo zvinogona kupedzisira zvakonzera kutadza kwekubatanidza kunoda tambo / yekubatanidza kutsiva.